Integrated Spatial Mapping and Arsenic Remediation for Improved Groundwater Quality in Larkana.

ABSTRACT: Groundwater quality in Larkana, Pakistan, was comprehensively assessed using a systematic grid-based approach (n = 112), standardized American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)/American Public Health Association (APHA) methods, and advanced GIS techniques. Key physicochemical parameters were measured, with pH values ranging from 6.8 to 8.0 (mean 7.5), turbidity spanning 0.14 to 13.03 NTU (mean 1.4 NTU), electrical conductivity (EC) from 270 to 3593 μS/cm, and total dissolved solids (TDS) between 136 and 1780 mg/L. Arsenic concentrations varied from nondetectable to 48 ppb, with 96% of samples meeting the WHO guideline of ≤10 ppb (0.01 mg/L). A composite water quality index (WQI) indicated that most sites were "good" or "excellent," although localized deviations were noted. A

SUBMITTER: Shaikh AA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12290700 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature