Examining the role of freebase nicotine in the harm reduction potential of oral nicotine pouches versus moist snuff: A randomized crossover trial.

ABSTRACT:

Background and aims

Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) contain varying proportions of freebase nicotine (FBN), with higher FBN expected to increase nicotine delivery across the oral mucosa. Because ONPs contain fewer toxicants than moist snuff and may serve as a reduced harm alternative for smokeless tobacco, we compared how the FBN in ONPs affects both nicotine pharmacokinetics and craving relief relative to moist snuff.

Design

Three-visit (90-minute sessions; ≥48-hour washout), single-blind, randomized crossover study. Participants were asked to complete all visits within 1 month.

Setting

Clinical facility in Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Participants

N = 62 moist snuff users (M_age = 41 years, 96.8% male, 91.9% white, 33.9% had tried ONPs before), recruited throu

SUBMITTER: Keller-Hamilton B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12291100 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature