A Scientific Framework for Comparing Hyaluronic Acid Filler Crosslinking Technologies.

ABSTRACT: Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers represent a cornerstone of modern esthetic medicine, providing a minimally invasive solution for facial volume restoration and skin rejuvenation. However, the diversity of available products, each utilizing distinct crosslinking technologies, presents a challenge for objective comparison and clinical decision making. This study introduces a scientific framework to evaluate and categorize the physicochemical properties of HA fillers based on two key parameter groups: dynamic parameters (e.g., rheology and gel content) and consistency parameters (e.g., extrusion force, water uptake, and gel particle size). Using standardized methodologies, 23 commercially available fillers from five major manufacturers were analyzed, enabling cross-technology comparisons.

SUBMITTER: Puljic A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12294425 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature