Energy Density and Level of Processing of Packaged Food and Beverages Intended for Consumption by Australian Children.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: Higher energy density (ED; kJ/g) and higher levels of processing of foods and beverages have been associated with childhood obesity and reduced diet quality. This study described and examined the distribution of ED and levels of processing of new food and beverage products intended for Australian children (0-4 years, 5-12 years). Methods: This study used 2013-2023 data from the Mintel Global New Products Database. Products were classified by ED (low ≦ 4.184 kJ/g, medium > 4.184 kJ/g and <12.552 kJ/g, or high ≧ 12.552 kJ/g) and level of processing (using the NOVA classification system; unprocessed/minimally processed foods; processed culinary ingredients; processed foods; ultra-processed foods (UPFs)). Non-parametric statistics were used to examine ED an

SUBMITTER: MacLean S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12299509 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature