Virtual Reality to Reduce Preprocedural Anxiety During Invasive Coronary Angiography: The VR InCard Trial.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Anxiety affects one-third of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Benzodiazepines are commonly administered but have modest efficacy. Virtual reality (VR) therapy is promising in reducing anxiety around various procedures.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of VR on preprocedural anxiety in patients undergoing ICA.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial included adults undergoing ICA for chronic coronary syndrome, coronary vasomotor function testing, or non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) with a numeric rating scale (NRS) anxiety score of 4 or more. The control group received usual care with benzodiazepines if needed. The intervention group additionally received 2 VR therapysessions of approximat

SUBMITTER: Groenveld TD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12301777 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature