Dispersion-based cognitive intra-individual variability in former American football players: Association with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, repetitive head impacts, and biomarkers.

ABSTRACT: Background: Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI), such as those experienced in American football, is linked to cognitive dysfunction later in life. Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is a proposed clinical syndrome thought to be linked to neuropath-ology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a condition associated with RHI from football. Cognitive intra-individual variability (d-CIIV) measures test-score dispersion, indicating cognitive dysfunction. This study examined d-CIIV in former football players and its associations with TES diagnosis, RHI exposure, and DTI and CSF biomarkers. Methods: Data included 237 males (45-74 years) from DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project, including former professional and college football players (COL) (n = 173) and asymptomati

SUBMITTER: Altaras C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12301998 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature