M2 Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reprogram Immature Neutrophils into Anxa1^hi Neutrophils to Enhance Inflamed Bone Regeneration.

ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is a microbiome-related inflammation that can lead to irreversible bone reduction and even tooth loss. This study reveals that macrophage polarization states significantly influence periodontal homeostasis, with M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (M2-EVs) playing a pivotal role in mitigating periodontitis-induced bone loss. Single-cell RNA sequencing of periodontal tissues treated with M2-EVs uncovered a unique Anxa1^hi neutrophil subpopulation exhibiting pro-reparative properties. This subpopulation is characterized by immaturity and demonstrated osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities in vivo, partially mediated through the secretion of oncostatin M (OSM) signals. The findings suggest that this functional heterogeneity arises from M2-EVs disrupting the ne

SUBMITTER: Yao Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12302528 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature