Optimized transesterification of unrefined palm and waste cooking oil blend to biodiesel using cement kiln dust catalyst.

ABSTRACT: Biodiesel is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, biodiesel's economic feasibility for mass-production remains a challenge. This study investigates the use of cement kiln dust (CKD) waste as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of a mixed oil made from unrefined palm oil and waste cooking oil (WCO) to increase the cost-effectiveness. To enhance the activity of the CKD, it was treated at optimized conditions of 850 °C for 2 h. The optimal blend (60 wt% WCO) for transesterification using CKD was determined through a comparative analysis of different ratios. The WCO was first upgraded through acid-catalyzed esterification to reduce free fatty acids < 1%. The effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst loading, and methanol-to-oil ratio on biodiesel using CKD

SUBMITTER: Hefney MS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12304178 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature