Distinct non-canonical translation initiation modes arise for specific host and viral mRNAs during poxvirus-induced shutoff.

ABSTRACT: Many viruses potently inhibit host protein synthesis, termed host shutoff, while employing strategies to sustain their own translation. How and why certain host mRNAs continue to be translated at later infection stages remains unclear. Here, using RNAseq and polysome profiling, we show that during shutoff by vaccinia virus (VacV), several host mRNAs increase in polysome occupancy but only a few, primarily JUN that encodes the Jun transcription factor, result in increased protein abundance across multiple cell lines. While dispensable for Jun production, translation of viral mRNAs depended on the small ribosomal protein, Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) and the eukaryotic Initiation Factor, eIF3. These differential eIF3 dependencies are associated with structurally distinct 5' untr

SUBMITTER: Park C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12305801 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature