Global burden trends of tension-type headache, 1990-2021: socio-demographic patterns, age-period-cohort effects, and frontier analysis from the GBD 2021 study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Tension-type headache (TTH) is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders globally. While previous studies have examined TTH epidemiology across different regions, few have comprehensively analyzed how socio-demographic factors influence its patterns and trends. This study aimed to analyze TTH burden trends from 1990 to 2021 and their relationship with socio-demographic development.

Methods

Data on prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for TTH were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2021, covering global, 5 SDI regions, 21 regions, and 204 countries. We used absolute numbers and age-standardized rates from 1990 to 2021. Spearman correlation assessed the relationship between rates and the Socio-Demographic Index (S

SUBMITTER: Wang C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12308845 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature