Causal effects of primary aldosteronism on inflammation and bone density: evidence from Mendelian randomization, animal, and clinical studies.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Studies on the pro-inflammatory effects of primary aldosteronism (PA) in humans have largely relied on measurements of circulating inflammatory biomarkers and are mostly observational in nature, making it difficult to establish a causal relationship between PA and inflammatory responses. In addition, the association between PA and bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial and warrants further investigation.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the causal effects of PA on circulating inflammatory proteins and bone mineral density.

Methods

We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationships between PA and 91 circulating inflammatory proteins, as well as BMD at four anatomical sites. The findings were further valida

SUBMITTER: Zhang Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12308995 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature