Confinement Effect and Hydrogen Species Modulation toward Enhanced Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to Ethanol.

ABSTRACT: The protonation process of adsorbed *CO intermediates has been widely recognized as a critical determinant governing product selectivity in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO₂RR). However, the active hydrogen species and mechanism of *CO protonation in acid eCO₂RR remain ambiguous. Particularly, the involvement of H⁺ in *CO hydrogenation is still under debate. Here, we developed a CuCl-mediated synthesis strategy integrated with rare-earth doping electronic structure engineering, which enriches intermediates and promotes adsorbed hydrogen (*H) participation in reactions, respectively. For the first time, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were employed to clarify the participation

SUBMITTER: Zhu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12311302 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature