Controlled Particle Size Distribution in Ultrasound-Assisted Lithium Carbonate Precipitation.

ABSTRACT: This study investigates ultrasound-assisted precipitation (sonocrystallization) as a method to precisely control lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) particle formation from a lithium-rich solution of spent lithium-ion batteries. In addition to its high purity, to meet battery-grade standards, the Li₂CO₃ precipitates must exhibit well-defined particle size distribution. By controlling the nucleation and growth rates through the simultaneous adjustment of ultrasound power and temperature, both the particle size and morphology of the precipitates can be accurately defined. A detailed kinetic analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound power and temperature on the precipitation process. The proposed kinetic model combining population balance

SUBMITTER: Aprilianto DR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12311646 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature