Optimization of Catalyst Synthesis Using Ornamental Stone Waste Supported on Activated Carbon for Enhancing Biodiesel Production Efficiency.

ABSTRACT: This work describes the optimization of the synthesis of carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts containing CaO and MgO derived from ornamental stone waste (OSW) in view of their use for biodiesel production. The catalysts were prepared by mixing the OSW and coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) powders with a NaOH solution under constant stirring; the mixture was then subjected to thermal treatments in an inert atmosphere. The variables of the synthesis process (thermal treatment temperature, residence time, and OSW/CSAC mass ratio) were analyzed using 2³ full factorial designs; the response variable was the biodiesel conversion, monitored by solution ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The presence of the phases CaO, MgO, Na₂CO₃,

SUBMITTER: Aleixo FC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12311732 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature