Non-equilibrium anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy for investigating Higgs modes in superconductors.

ABSTRACT: Even before its role in electroweak symmetry breaking, the Anderson-Higgs mechanism was introduced to explain the Meissner effect in superconductors. Spontaneous symmetry-breaking yields massless phase modes representing the low-energy excitations of the Mexican-Hat potential. Only in superconductors the phase mode is shifted towards higher energies owing to the gauge field of the charged condensate. This results in a low-energy excitation spectrum governed by the Higgs mode. Consequently, the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-like Meissner effect signifies a macroscopic quantum condensate in which a photon acquires mass, representing a one-to-one analogy to high-energy physics. We report on an innovative spectroscopic technique to study symmetries and energies of the Higgs modes in the high-tempe

SUBMITTER: Glier TE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12314123 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature