Liraglutide-Conjugated Poly(methyl vinyl ether-<i>alt</i>-maleic acid)-Coated Core-Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles for Theranostics of Diabetes.

ABSTRACT: In the diagnostics of diabetes, specific targeting of drugs (e.g., liraglutide) to insulin-deficient β-cells with their simultaneous noninvasive imaging is currently needed. In this report, liraglutide (LGL)-conjugated poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA)-coated core-shell NaYF₄:Yb,Er,Fe@NaYF₄:Nd upconversion nanoparticles (CS-UCNPs) have been developed, thoroughly physicochemically characterized, and evaluated in vivo. Novel codoping of Fe²⁺, Yb³⁺, and Er³⁺ ions in the host NaYF₄ induced upconversion emission in the red region at both 980 and 808 nm excitation, making the particles suitable for deep-tissue imaging. Surface functionalization with PMVEMA provided colloidal stability and facilitated

SUBMITTER: Shapoval O 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12314866 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature