A sustainable approach for smallholder farmers: evaluation of plant by-products and industrial waste in wheat cultivation.

ABSTRACT: Large amounts of waste and by-products are generated during the extraction of essential oils, leading to disposal challenges. Integrating these by-products into the production systems of smallholder farmers may help reduce yield losses caused by environmental stress factors. This study investigated the potential use of plant waste and by-products from aromatic plants as bioregulators in wheat cultivation. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of these materials on yield parameters and biochemical markers in wheat. The treatments included: T₀ (control), T₁ (plant extract), T₂ (plant biomass), and T₃ (plant extract + plant biomass). In the greenhouse experiment, the T₃ treatment advanced the onset of til

SUBMITTER: Oguz MC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12315826 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature