Pharmacogenomic insights into amlodipine response: the role of CACNA1D, CACNA1C, and TRIB3 variants in hypertensive patients.

ABSTRACT: Hypertension affects over 1.28 billion individuals worldwide, yet response variability to calcium channel blockers (CCBs) like amlodipine remains a challenge. While pharmacogenomic studies have implicated genetic polymorphisms in treatment outcomes, the combined effects of multiple variants remain unclear. This study investigates the influence of CACNA1D (rs3774426), CACNA1C (rs2239050, rs7311382), and TRIB3 (rs2295490) variants, individually and in combination, on the antihypertensive response to amlodipine. A total of 133 hypertensive patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, receiving amlodipine monotherapy were genotyped using ARMS-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Blood pressure response was defined as post-treatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP

SUBMITTER: Babaresh WM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12316260 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature