Associations between antibiotic exposure intensity, intestinal microbiome perturbations, and outcomes in premature neonates with bacteremia.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Neonatal microbiome dysbiosis is associated with infectious complications.

Methods

Prospective weekly stools were collected over 1 year from hospitalized preterm infants with birthweight ≤2000 g and postnatal age (PNA) ≤2 months. Neonates with bacteremia (cases) were matched to uninfected controls. Stools were analyzed using whole metagenome sequencing. Intensity of antibiotic exposure was compared using an Antibiotic Spectrum Index (ASI).

Results

We analyzed 398 stools from 40 cases and 39 controls. Cases had lower α diversity beyond 4 weeks PNA. Cases with subsequent infections after index bacteremia had persistently lower α diversity, while cases without subsequent infections demonstrated recovery of microbiome diversity. Compared to controls, cases had

SUBMITTER: Hendricks H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12316594 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature