Independent and combined relationships between light at night, air pollutants, PM_2.5 components and risk of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, characterized by interconnected cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic dysfunctions, poses a growing global health burden. While both light at night (LAN) and air pollutants have independently been linked to adverse health outcomes, their synergistic and joint effects on CKM syndrome risk remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the independent, interactive, and joint associations of LAN, air pollutants, and PM_2.5 components with CKM syndrome.

Methods

Data from 4,361 participants aged ≥ 45 years in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2015) were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interva

SUBMITTER: Liang Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12317460 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature