Metabolomic profiling reveals interindividual metabolic variability and its association with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome risk.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objective

Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome reflects the interrelated pathophysiology of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Conventional CKM staging often detects risk only after substantial organ dysfunction and may overlook early metabolic heterogeneity. This study aimed to employ plasma metabolomics to identify metabolic subtypes linked to CKM severity and explore early biomarkers for high-risk individuals.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 163 adults, which included 86 individuals clinically staged as CKM 0-3 according to the criteria proposed by the American Heart Association (AHA). Plasma samples underwent untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling using

SUBMITTER: Zhou M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12317516 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature