Evaluating the Prophylactic and Nephroprotective Effects of Vitamin D and Metformin in Diabetic Nephropathy.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, is characterized by oxidative stress (OS), chronic inflammation, and progressive fibrosis. Despite existing treatment options, disease progression remains a challenge. This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of vitamin D, alone and in combination with metformin, in mitigating DN progression in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wister rats were induced with diabetes using a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ and randomized into seven groups. Treatment regimens included vitamin D (5000 or 8000 IU), metformin (250 mg), or a combination, administered over 12 or 21 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (F

SUBMITTER: B Ramegowda L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12317812 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature