Emerging CAR immunotherapies: broadening therapeutic horizons beyond cancer.

ABSTRACT: Chimeric antigen receptor-based immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment, especially for hematologic malignancies like acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Innovations in CAR design from first-generation constructs relying on CD3ζ signaling to next-generation CARs with co-stimulatory domains have enhanced T cell persistence and antitumor efficacy. Despite these successes, translating CAR-T therapy to solid tumors faces significant challenges, including antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. To overcome these hurdles, CAR therapies involving alternative immune cells are currently being developed, such as CAR-natural killer, CAR-T regulatory (Treg), CAR-macrophages

SUBMITTER: Sueangoen N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12321946 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature