Enhancing targeted delivery and efficacy of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin with liposomal minoxidil: comprehensive in silico, in vitro, and in vivo tumor model studies.

ABSTRACT: The therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticle (NP)-encapsulated cytotoxic drugs has remained limited by poor penetration into solid tumors. To address this challenge, we developed a novel strategy using minoxidil-loaded nanoliposomes (Lip-MXD) to induce tumor vasodilation and enhance the delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). We developed a remote loading method utilizing a calcium acetate gradient to encapsulate MXD into liposomes, achieving a high MXD encapsulation efficiency (87%). The resulting Lip-MXD formulation displayed an average particle size of 111 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.05, and a zeta potential of -15.7 mV. Pretreatment with Lip-MXD demonstrated multifunctional effects. It significantly downregulated CLDN-1 expression, improving NP penetration into advanced, fib

SUBMITTER: Mohammadzadeh V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12322995 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature