Effect of Low-Intensity Electrical Stimulation on External Apical Root Resorption and Periodontal Indices Following En-Masse Retraction of Upper Anterior Teeth in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To evaluate external apical root resorption (EARR) and periodontal indices during en-masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth stimulated with low-intensity electrical currents.

Trial design

A two-arm randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Young adult patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics at Damascus University between November 2023 and March 2024 and met predefined inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups using block randomization. The study included 34 patients, with 17 assigned to the electrically stimulated en-masse retraction (ESER) group and 17 to the conventional en-masse retraction (CER) group. The force for the en-masse retraction technique in both groups was 250 g per side. The force was applied through bilateral cl

SUBMITTER: Shaadouh RI 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12323048 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature