Association of childhood socioeconomic status and health with depressive symptoms in later life: a cross-sectional latent class analysis of the 2014/2015 Indonesia Family Life Survey.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

While childhood circumstances predict mental health outcomes in high-income countries, evidence from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Indonesia remains scarce. This study examines the long-term association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES), health and depressive symptoms in adulthood, testing the hypothesis that early-life disadvantages increase the odds of depressive symptoms later in life.

Design

Cross-sectional analysis using latent class analysis to cluster childhood SES/health and logistic regression to assess associations with depressive symptoms.

Setting

A nationally representative household survey was conducted across 13 provinces in urban and rural areas of Indonesia.

Participants

32 085 adults aged 18 years and

SUBMITTER: Isnuwardana R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12323512 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature