Global trends in smoking-attributable rheumatoid arthritis burden: Insights from GBD 2021.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Smoking is one of the most significant environmental risk factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). However, there is a lack of research examining the impact of smoking trends on the RA disease burden globally.

Methods

This study utilized the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to analyze the burden of RA attributable to smoking. Five key indicators were examined: Deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), Years of Life Lost (YLLs), and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). The analysis was stratified by age, sex, year, and region. Additionally, smoking prevalence and tobacco use data from 2000 to 2021 were extracted from the World Health Organization (WHO) to evaluate trends in smoking and RA burden.

Results

From

SUBMITTER: Lin K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12324138 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature