Podocyte extracellular vesicles and immune mediators as urinary biomarkers in active lupus nephritis.

ABSTRACT: Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) and immune mediators have emerged as potential minimally invasive renal biomarkers. Even though active lupus nephritis (LN) is associated with immune complex deposition, tissue inflammation, and podocyte damage, it remains unclear how these parameters are simultaneously altered in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thus, we aimed to evaluate uEVs as biomarkers in LN, in association with urinary immune mediators. In this cross-sectional study, uEVs were isolated from SLE patients and healthy donors by differential centrifugation and characterized and/or quantified by electron microscopy, nanoscale flow cytometry, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Urinary immune mediators were assessed by a multiplex assay. We included 82 patients (42.6 ± 11.3 y

SUBMITTER: Alves L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12325585 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature