Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Effects: Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists.

ABSTRACT: Cardiovascular (CV)-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by the co-occurrence of CV risk factors, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension, and metabolic dysfunction, which creates a vicious cycle where one factor negatively impacts the others, ultimately leading to poor overall CV and kidney outcomes. Overactivation of the mineralocorticoid receptor, through binding with aldosterone and ligand-independent mechanisms, is implicated in the pathogenesis of CKM; mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) can block this interaction. Steroidal MRAs are currently recommended for people with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and hypertension; however, the role of nonsteroidal MRAs in CKM is evolving. Indeed, steroidal MRAs have demonst

SUBMITTER: Bozkurt B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12326440 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature