How do gender and competition level influence the physical demands in worst-case scenarios of elite football referees?

ABSTRACT:

Background

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the physical demands in Worst-Case Scenarios (WCS) across different competition levels in male and female football of Spanish elite football referees during matches, comparing competitions independently for male and female referees.

Methods

Physical demands (total distance [TD], total distance > 18 km/h [TD18], total distance > 21 km/h [TD21], total distance > 24 km/h [TD24], accelerations (> 3 m/s²) [Acc] and decelerations (<-3 m/s²) [Dec]) were recorded over different time windows (0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 min) on 24 professional male Spanish football referees from male 1st Division, 26 from male 2nd Division and 24 professional female Spanish football referees from female 1st Division during the

SUBMITTER: Martinez-Torremocha G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12326655 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature