A comparative study of different activation methods for hydrochar: surface properties and removal of pharmaceutical pollutant in water.

ABSTRACT: Contaminants of emerging concerns, such as sulfonamides, have been frequently discovered in surface water, and the design of biomass-based adsorbents is a promising research direction to remove them from water. In this study, hydrothermal carbonization was utilized to prepare hydrochar (HC) from orange peels along with various activations, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and HCl. The main goals of the present study are (i) to prepare hydrochars that were activated by different chemical methods and (ii) to provide insights into the adsorption mechanism of pollutant removal using sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a model pharmaceutical pollutant. The H₂O₂ activated hydrochar (ACHC) exhibited the best adsorption capacity for removal of 40 μM SMX from wat

SUBMITTER: Madhusudhan A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12328538 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature