Recycling or Second Use? Supply Potentials and Climate Effects of End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries.

ABSTRACT: Recycling and reuse in stationary energy storage (second use) are beneficial options to further utilize electric vehicle (EV) battery materials and residual capacities after end-of-life (EoL). In California, EV sales shares have steadily increased recently, and state policies to achieve 100% zero-emission vehicle sales by 2035 will further result in a rapidly growing number of EoL EV batteries. Based on modeling material flows and climate effects, in this study, EoL EV battery supply scenarios and the effect of recycling and second use on battery demand and saved greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are investigated on a regional level in California until 2050. The results indicate that stationary energy storage demands can be met by more than 100% by 2050 through the second use of EoL EV batter

SUBMITTER: Wesselkamper J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12329728 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature