GM-CSF potentiates macrophages to retain an inflammatory feature from their circulating monocyte precursors in rheumatoid arthritis.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Peripheral monocytes represent an important source of macrophages in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it remains unclear whether the proinflammatory traits in RA monocytes can be maintained during their differentiation into macrophages without exogenous polarization stimuli.

Methods

Peripheral blood CD14⁺ monocytes from RA patients and healthy controls (HCs) were differentiated into macrophages in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Transcriptomic analysis, metabolic profiling, flow cytometry, and functional assays were performed.

Results

Transcriptomic and functional analyses revealed that GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages (GM-DMs) from RA m

SUBMITTER: Chen J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12330116 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature