Collective Dynamics of Urease-Based Nanomotors in a Chemical Gradient.

ABSTRACT: Gradients are widespread in nature, including within the human body, making the study of nanomotors' collective dynamics in gradients crucial to advancing biomedical applications and deepening the understanding of natural active matters. However, the comprehensive understanding of nanomotors' collective dynamics under gradients remains underexplored, particularly. This study employs urease-based nanomotors (UrNMs) as a model system to explore their collective dynamics within a urea gradient, revealing three fundamental principles that govern their behavior: density-driven convection, UrNMs' response to the urea gradient, and a coupling effect between UrNMs and their environment. Initially, migration is dominated by convection-induced motion arising from the steep gradient. As convection gr

SUBMITTER: Lin J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12332813 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature