Assessing genetic causal relationship between milk fat content and chronic kidney disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the genetic causal relationship between milk fat content and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with milk fat content were identified following rigorous quality control procedures. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to analyze the relationship between three milk fat levels and CKD risk. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method with random effects served as the primary analysis, supported by MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. Sensitivity analyses, including Cochran's Q tests and MR-Egger intercepts, were conducted to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. A leave-one-out analysis tested

SUBMITTER: Jin R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12332994 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature