Coordinative Ring-Opening Polymerization of Limonene Carbamate Toward Phosgene- and Isocyanate-Free Polyurethane.

ABSTRACT: This study presents a phosgene- and isocyanate-free route for the synthesis of polyurethanes using (R)-limonene as a bio-based starting material. The synthesis of the cyclic limonene-based carbamate monomer LU is achieved in high yields using dimethyl carbonate as a sustainable, less hazardous phosgene surrogate and is verified by NMR, SC-XRD, ESI-MS, GC-MS, and elemental analysis. Polymerizations were carried out by coordinative ring-opening polymerization. Sn(Oct)₂ showed the best catalytic performance, achieving up to 93% conversion with molecular weights up to 16.0 kg mol^-1 at a polydispersity of 1.5. Detailed mechanistic insights were obtained by kinetic studies, end group determination via ESI-MS and stoichiometric ninhydrin experiments, N-H methylation of LU, k

SUBMITTER: Futter J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12338414 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature