An ancient evolutionary origin for IL-1 cytokines as mediators of immunity.

ABSTRACT: Inflammation is a hallmark of immune responses. Its mechanistic underpinnings in mammals are well-defined: pro-inflammatory cytokines of the interleukin 1 (IL-1) superfamily establish and support microenvironments that promote immune cell activities. Despite a growing number of reports on inflammatory processes and components of the IL-1 signaling axis in several invertebrate lineages, orthologs of these central cytokines have not been detected outside of the jawed vertebrates. Here, protein structure prediction algorithms were applied to identify genes encoding a family of IL-1 proteins with homologs throughout Eumetazoa (termed "IL-1anc" to reflect their ancestral evolutionary origin). Using Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urch

SUBMITTER: Fontenla-Iglesias F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12338702 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature