Forest bathing improves inflammatory markers, SpO2, and subjective symptoms related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in male subjects at risk of developing COPD.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 3.5 million deaths in 2021. Effective preventive measures are needed. Forest bathing has been reported to have positive effects on the immune system. In addition, the clean air, mild climate, phytoncides, high oxygen concentration, and other elements of forests are expected to have benefits for respiratory diseases such as COPD. Based on the above background, this study used a randomized crossover design to examine the improving effects of forest bathing on inflammatory markers and subjective symptoms related to COPD.

Methods

Thirty male subjects aged 63.1 ± 7.5 years were recruited after obtaining informed consent. These subjects participated in day trips

SUBMITTER: Li Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12353587 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature