Global, regional, and national burden of musculoskeletal disorders, 1990-2021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and forecast to 2035.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burdens of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) since 1990. It also projected trends up to 2035 and explored potential improvements through frontier analysis.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, MSDs in 204 countries and territories were analyzed. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) for prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), DALYs (ASDR), and mortality (ASMR) were calculated. Trends were evaluated through estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC). The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was employed for projections to 2035, and frontier analysis was used to assess the potential for reducing MSD burdens.

Results

In 2021, 1.686 billion MSDs prevalent cases were recorded global

SUBMITTER: Liu M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12354483 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature