Biomimetic periosteum combining BMP-2-loaded M2 macrophage-derived exosomes for enhanced bone defect repair.

ABSTRACT: Bone defect repair continues to present a significant clinical challenge due to the limitations of traditional grafting techniques and the complexity involved in establishing a conducive regenerative microenvironment. In this study, we described the development of a multifunctional biomimetic periosteum based on electrospun gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) membranes functionalized with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded M2 macrophage-derived exosomes. This engineered periosteum replicated the structural orientation and functional properties of natural periosteum, thereby providing a synergistic approach to promoting bone regeneration. Our findings indicated that the biomimetic periosteum served as a biocompatible scaffold that supported cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiatio

SUBMITTER: Ling F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12354627 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature