Combined Modeling of Multiple Exposure Routes for Terrestrial Arthropods Using the Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic BufferGUTS Model.

ABSTRACT: Pesticide applications in agricultural landscapes pose significant risks to nontarget arthropods (NTAs), which are vital for maintaining ecological functions such as pollination and pest control. Effective risk assessment is made challenging by the complexity of terrestrial exposure, which is highly variable and event-driven. Unlike in aquatic settings, NTAs experience pesticide exposure through multiple routes, such as overspray, ingestion, or contact. To integrate such multiple exposure routes into a unified framework, this study proposes an extension to the toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) and time-resolved BufferGUTS model that can be applied to a broad range of NTAs without species-specific adaptations. Our model extension draws on principles from mixture toxicity and allows for ind

SUBMITTER: Burger LU 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12355943 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature