Eugenol-Loaded Nanocarriers Exert Particle-Specific Adverse Effects on <i>Daphnia magna</i> Populations.

ABSTRACT: Nanocarriers provide promising prospects for the transition to more sustainable agrochemical practices. However, the unique release dynamics of their loaded chemicals raise concerns about potential adverse effects on nontarget organisms. To address this, we compared the toxicity of bentonite and sepiolite nanocarriers loaded with the anesthetic/antibacterial chemical eugenol to the toxicity of pure eugenol. Daphnia magna was exposed to loaded nanocarriers, pure eugenol, and bare nanocarriers. In acute immobilization tests, a 50% effect concentration (EC₅₀) of 0.14 ± 0.01 mg eugenol L^-1 was derived for pure eugenol. Loading eugenol onto bentonite and sepiolite nanocarriers mitigated this acute toxicity, as indicated by respective EC₅₀ values of 0.48 ±

SUBMITTER: Brinkmann BW 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12355951 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature