Biomimetic Apatite Nanoparticles and Microcrystalline Tyrosine as Biocompatible Vaccine Adjuvants: Performance in a Bluetongue Virus Sheep Model.

ABSTRACT: Aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) is the most widely used vaccine adjuvant, but its known adverse effects prompt the finding of other, safer alternative adjuvants. This study compares in sheep the global performance and safety of vaccine prototypes against bluetongue virus (BTV) formulated with AlOOH, biomimetic apatite nanoparticles (ApNPs), and microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT). Five groups of 6 sheep were included in the study: control, BTV serotype 4 alone, and BTV-4 combined either with AlOOH, ApNPs, or MCT. Adjuvants were fully characterized. Group specific antibodies against BTV-4 were observed in all treatment groups, including BTV-4 alone. After booster inoculation, ApNPs or MCT groups responded immediately, and it was delayed for BTV-4 and AlOOH groups. Comparable neutralizing antibody

SUBMITTER: Perez E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12356533 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature