Atrophy Masseter Recovery by Electrical Stimulation Mediated M2-Like Macrophage Polarisation via JAK/PI3K/AKT Pathway.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Atrophy of the masseter muscle can result in an aged facial appearance and diminished chewing function. Electrical stimulation (ES) is known for its ability to facilitate tissue healing and functional recovery, but its precise role in the repair of atrophic masseter muscles remains incompletely understood.

Methods

We induced masseter muscle atrophy in rats through botulinum toxin (BTX) injection and subsequently treated the animals with or without ES. Single-nucleus sequencing (sn-RNA seq) was conducted to analyse the changes in macrophages of masseter muscles between control, BTX and BTX + ES groups. The role and mechanism of macrophage phenotypic transformation in the process of ES promoting the recovery of atrophied masseter muscles were both verified through i

SUBMITTER: Wu C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12356994 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature