UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation to explore the mechanisms of toad clothing on rheumatoid arthritis.

ABSTRACT: Toad clothing (toad slough) detoxifies, reduces oedema and analgesia, is anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour, and regulates the immune system. Toad clothing's mechanism is unclear. The molecular mechanism of toad clothing in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy will be investigated in this research. We used Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments to investigate the mechanism behind the anti-RA action of toad apparel. First, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS revealed 24 toad clothing ingredients. Network pharmacology predicted five key elements, six core targets, and the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/ Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signalling pathway. Then, molecular docking was used to valida

SUBMITTER: Wang T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12357956 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature