In vivo metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological activities of ginsenosides from ginseng.

ABSTRACT: Ginseng, a traditional herb with a history spanning thousands of years in Asian culture, has gained widespread recognition for its valuable pharmacological properties. The primary active constituents of ginseng, ginsenosides, are renowned for their diverse biological activities, including cardioprotective, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the therapeutic potential of ginsenosides is often constrained by their low bioavailability in their native forms. During metabolism, ginsenosides undergo biotransformation by intestinal microbiota and enzymes, yielding metabolites with significantly enhanced bioavailability. Thus, to enhance the utility of ginsenosides as pharmaceutical agents and health products, it is essential to deepen our understanding of their me

SUBMITTER: Wang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12365553 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature