Global burden of chronic kidney disease and risk factors, 1990-2021: an update from the global burden of disease study 2021.

ABSTRACT: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) varies across regions. This study provides comprehensive global, regional, and national estimates of total CKD and CKD due to four specific etiologies from 1990 to 2021. Data were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study, categorized by sex, 20 age groups, 204 countries or territories, and 5 sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs), age-standardized death rates (ASDRs), age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rates (ASDARs) and risk factor burdens for total CKD and four etiology-specific types were analyzed. Temporal trends were assessed using the estimated annual percentage change. In 2021, CKD remained a significant global burden, with 673 milli

SUBMITTER: Wang L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12366504 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature