Relevance of kinetic interactions and co-formulants for plant protection product liver toxicity in vitro.

ABSTRACT: Plant protection product (PPP) risk assessment predominantly focuses on the active substances, at least with respect to the regulatory data requirements. The reason is that for threshold values for the ready-to-use formulations one would need significantly more animal data. Given the high number of formulations, this is not a realistic option, be it for capacity, cost, or animal welfare. Thus, any extension of the data for evaluating formulations should ideally first make maximum use of other approaches. Using an adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-guided approach, we, therefore, investigated the potential mixture effects of two active substances (difenoconazole and mandipropamid) by focusing on the qualitative and quantitative toxicokinetic effects on metabolism. Since difenoconazole is a poten

SUBMITTER: Musengi Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12367838 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature