Effects of protein supplementation on body composition, physiological adaptations, and performance during endurance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of endurance training combined with protein supplementation on body composition, physiological adaptations (aerobic/anaerobic capacity), and performance. A systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus databases on April 16, 2025, using the keywords "endurance training" and "protein supplementation." Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and the main effect size of each outcome was summarized using the standard mean difference (SMD), and moderators were explored using subgroup and regression analyses. A total of 23 randomized cross-over trials involving 1,146 participants were included. The results showed that protein supplementation during endurance training led to a small, nonsignificant i

SUBMITTER: Xiao Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12369418 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature