Sex Differences in Inflammatory Plasma Proteins in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

To compare inflammatory protein levels in the plasma of men and women with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods

We recruited 74 NPDR patients (38 men, 36 women), 82 diabetic patients without retinopathy, and 20 patients without diabetes. Patients with intravitreal injections in the past four weeks, ocular comorbidities, active infection, or systemic vasculitis were excluded. We performed linear regression with plasma concentration of each protein as dependent variable and sex as predictor, adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, smoking status, hemoglobin A1c, insulin use, and diabetes duration. We plotted the concentration of inflammatory proteins against diabetes duration for men and women separately to assess for differences over time. We conducted

SUBMITTER: Chen X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12369902 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature